COP27气候峰会将讨论受影响国家的赔偿

经过Madeleine Cuff

Negotiators at the COP27 climate summit in Egypt have agreed to discuss setting up a fund that could see higher-income nations pay reparations to vulnerable nations已经为气候变化的影响而苦苦挣扎。“损失和损害”，指的是气候变化的负面影响和最小化和解决这些问题的努力，在联合国气候谈判历史上首次被包括在正式会议议程中。

The talks opened with a stark message from UN secretary-general António Guterres, who警告世界领导人和贵宾这个世界正处于“气候地狱的高速公路上”，其“脚踩在加速器上”。

Speaking to delegates on 7 November,在联合国警告当前的气候计划不提供“可靠途径”的几天后，将全球变暖限制为1.5°C。, Guterres said the planet is “fast approaching tipping points that will make climate chaos irreversible”.

尽管通货膨胀率上升，地缘政治紧张局势升级和能源价格危机面临的挑战，但他说，世界必须利用峰会来建立新的“气候团结协定”，这将使所有国家都将为减少排放做出公平的份额。他告诉代表们，世界面临着合作或“集体自杀协议”之间的选择。

这是一次醒目的开端，一次会议已经有30,000多名谈判者，记者和竞选者前往Sharm El Sheikh度假村进行了两周的会谈。

资金已经成为关键战场。巴基斯坦总理谢赫巴兹·谢里夫（Shehbaz Sharif）表示，为受影响的国家提供资金是“气候正义”的问题。由于他的国家，由于今年早些时候破坏洪水, he said at a press conference on 7 November. “Our journey to recovery will be held back by increasing public debt, rising global energy prices and no real access to adaptation finance,” he said.

Barbados’s prime minister, Mia Mottley, said it wasn’t just up to governments to provide loss and damage funding, arguing that oil and gas companies should also contribute. “How do companies make $200 billion in profits in the last three months and not expect to contribute at least 10 cents in each dollar of profit to a loss and damage fund?” she said during a speech to world leaders.

在气候金融的喧嚣中，其他人渴望防止在去年在英国格拉斯哥举行的COP26峰会上做出的其他关键承诺，从而滑下议程。在A纽约时报event at the summit on 7 November, former UK prime minister Boris Johnson said he was “very concerned” that pledges made in Glasgow – such as to roll out net-zero targets, cut methane emissions and halt deforestation – might not become reality. “The potential achievement [of COP26] was massive, but it is all now about delivery,” he said.

Meanwhile, Rishi Sunak, the current UK prime minister, used his first appearance on the international stage to help launch a funding programme on 7 November to protect forests around the world. The Forests and Climate Leaders’ Partnership aims to ensure thatCOP26承诺到2030年停止和扭转全球森林损失交付。

该合作伙伴关系将使成员国推动在碳市场部署，社区计划和其他解决2030年目标所需森林砍伐的策略方面的前进工作。但是，尽管145个国家代表了世界上90％以上的森林，但加入了COP26承诺，只有26个国家，共同负责地球森林的三分之一，迄今已加入了COP27合作伙伴关系。

Former US vice president Al Gore captured the palpable sense of frustration surrounding the summit over the gap between ambitious promises and real-world action. “We have a credibility problem – all of us – we are not doing enough,” he told world leaders on 7 November.

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